LO1: Know how to use camera equipment to record cinematic, quality footage
Planning (Voiceover Scripts)
Image Settings
(Close ups of the camera functions being used and cuts to shots with the various settings that are being explained being used)
"Welcome to the basics of camera settings"
ISO
ISO, the International Organization for Standardization, is based on the light sensitivity within a scene. When filming in a location with an abundance of light, a low ISO such as 200 will create clean highlights of light and shadow without any noise within the image. In a dark location however, the light sensitivity will be raised to create exposure; using a higher exposure like 20,000. This exposure creates a chiaroscuro effect as well as some potentially unwanted noise in mid-tone areas.
Aperture
Aperture is the size of that hole which lets light into the camera. The smaller the number the aperture is set to, like F3 the larger that hole will be. What this means is that on a low aperture, an image will become focused, creating a shallow depth of field where the background will blur due to the larger hole. This linked with a lower shutter speed, this blurred background effect creates a visually appealing, focused image. Likewise, a higher aperture value like F20 will create a deep depth of field where the background will be just as focused as the subject of the image.
Shutter
Shutter, and the shutter speed is based on direct proportion: the lower the value of the shutter speed is, the more motion blur there will be in the image (lower quality, lower sharpness). The higher this value is, the sharper the image quality will be. This is due to the lower amount of time the shutter will remain open; removing any unwanted light or motion from getting into the picture.
Why would you ever want to have low shutter speed if the image quality will be worse? Well you can capture frenetic action such as someone running or a car driving by with intense velocity, creating an intense image; blurring the motion.
Lenses and Effects
(Medium shots and pans of each lens being used, POV's from each to convey shot types applicable to them)
"Here are a few examples of different camera lenses to make your film stand out"
Standard Lens
Beginning with the standard lens, this is the well, most standard, prosumer friendly lens which almost every camera is equipped with. The focal length of a standard lens can range anywhere between 35-85mm. This gives it a wide enough focal range for some wide angle and long shots but the efficacy of these shots won't be as extreme as those lenses. It's a jack of all trades but a master of none. Use this lens for portraits and snapshots; overall a great starting point due to the lens' versatility.
Fish Eye
The fish eye lens is iconic for its use of barrel distortion effect which is intended to mimic the perspective of a fish underwater. The smaller the focal length the wider the shot, so an 8mm focal length will create a wider shot; creating a more distorted piece of imagery than a 35mm shot. In comparison to the standard lens, the fisheye has a typical focal length of between 8 and 10mm. A lot of people like to use these lenses to create a very intense focal point within the image which dependent on how it's used, can create an often interesting or comedic effect.
Wide Angle
A wide angle lens differs from a standard lens since they let you use higher aperture values. These lenses typically further landscape photography as, the name suggests, the lens takes wide photos where a lot of light hits the camera, making it optimal for deep depths of fields with low value ISO's/no ISO and slow shutter speeds. These lenses aren't too different in focal length to the standard lens with a typical focal length shorter than 35mm
Long Shot
A long shot lens is that lengthy tube on the end of your camera that your uncle uses to spy on people. These lenses are known for their magnification allowing for the photography of far distance objects, making them ideal for animal photography. These culminate with a shallow depth of field to give detailed focus on the focal point of the image which typically bodes well with a fast shutter speed. To reach these long-distance images, long shot lenses typically range between 55 to 500mm in focal length which is why they're so damn big.
Presets
Picture style
(Cuts of same shot in different picture style and screenshots of the menu)
"Here's how to make your photos stand out more with picture style"
These are the presets on your camera that allow to adjust the characteristics of a shot through colour. These settings can be auto-adjusted through the 'auto' function under picture style and help determine the way a given shot will come out as the camera adjusts to whatever genre you're trying to achieve. For example, the portrait function is better for portrait photography, as is the landscape function for landscapes. Settings like 'standard' will adjust the photo to create a sharper image, making it a versatile setting if you're not sure what image types to use. Settings like portrait will emphasise skin tones whilst landscape will focus on primary/secondary colours like blues and greens. Fine detail emphasises an image's texture whilst neutral will lower contrast and colour allowing for further editing in post-production stages with a flatter image.
White Balance
(Cuts of same shot in different white balances and icons of white balance settings)
"Welcome to the whistle stop tour of White Balance"
White balance works on a scale based on Kelvin, which is the colour temperature of an image which helps us dictate whether a scene is warm and inviting or harsh and cold. You'll want to set your white balance to custom and consult the ambient lighting of your scene and how you want it to look. Tungsten lighting, which is similar to regular fluorescent lighting, has a warmer tone of 3200 Kelvin. Fluorescent lighting which is the most common artificial lighting you'll see in any building, is 4400 Kelvin; daylight is 5500 Kelvin, 6000 Kelvin for cloudy weather and 7000 Kelvin for shaded or nighttime locations.
Drive Mode
"Here's a quick ride into Drive Mode"
Like White Balance and Picture Style, Drive Mode comes with a few different settings to set up your shot. Single shooting is the default function where pressing the shutter button, the camera will take a single photo. Continuous shooting will take constant photos for as long as the shutter button is held down, allowing you to capture many shots of a moving subject.
Filming Devices
(Medium shots and pans of each piece of kit being used, POV's from each to convey shot types applicable to them)
"This is the whistle stop tour of filming equipment"
Tripod
Beginning with the most versatile piece of film equipment, the tripod often consists of three metal legs and a stand which the camera is placed on and can be rotated, allowing for stable filming and photography without the worry of jittery hands.
Jib
A jib often utilizes a tripod to hold up a large crane that holds up filming equipment such as mics and cameras, allowing for a greater depth of sound and visuals like high angles.
Mount
Mounts are another incredibly versatile piece of filming equipment as they can be make-shifted to be applied for so many angles. Some examples include a handheld mount which serves a similar function as a tripod for greater stability when filming, shoulder mounts or waist mounts which allow for shots of the camera tracking the subject.
Dolly
Dolly's are used for tracking and panning shots as they move the camera along a rail so that it can move between or around the subject of the shot, making an immersive, cinematic sequence.
Alternate
Drones are often considered an expensive piece of filming equipment however, some drones like the DJI Neo are sold at a retail value of £170. Do keep in mind though that you’ll need a flying or operator ID for the drone.
Drones like this are small and portable, making them a versatile filmmaking option. With a drone you can trespass anomalously and create a variety of cinematic establishing or panning shots without the need of human hands.
Lenses Video
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